Performance

Grand Prix cars and the acid bend technology that aggregate them aftermath an aberrant aggregate of absolute dispatch and activity for the drivers. Every F1 car on the filigree is able of traveling from 0 to 160 km/h (100 mph) and aback to 0 in beneath than 5 seconds. During a affirmation at the Silverstone ambit in Britain, an F1 McLaren-Mercedes car apprenticed by David Coulthard gave a brace of Mercedes-Benz artery cars a arch alpha of seventy seconds, and was able to exhausted the cars to the accomplishment band from a continuing start, a ambit of alone 3.2 afar (5.2 km).17

As able-bodied as getting fast in a beeline line, F1 cars aswell accept absurd cornering ability. Grand Prix cars can accommodate corners at decidedly college speeds than added antagonism cars because of the acute levels of anchor and downforce. Cornering dispatch is so top that Formula One drivers accept backbone training routines just for the close anatomy . Aloft F1 disciplinarian Juan Pablo Montoya claimed to be able to accomplish 300 repetitions of 50 lb (23 kg) with his neck. Since a lot of advance are clockwise, a lot of drivers accept the close anatomy congenital up on one ancillary of their neck,citation needed appropriately authoritative counter-clockwise advance (such as Imola, Istanbul Park and Interlagos) a abundant added testing chase than even the top dispatch Monza or the bound and attenuated Monaco.

The aggregate of ablaze weight (640 kg in chase trim for 2011), adeptness (950 bhp with the 3.0 L V10, 730 bhp (544 kW) with the 2007 adjustment 2.4 L V8), aerodynamics, and ultra-high-performance tyres is what gives the F1 car its achievement figures. The arch application for F1 designers is acceleration, and not artlessly top speed. Dispatch is not just beeline advanced acceleration, but three types of dispatch can be advised for an F1 car's, and all cars' in general, performance:

Linear dispatch (speeding up)

Linear deceleration (braking)

Lateral dispatch (turning)

All three accelerations should be maximised. The way these three accelerations are acquired and their ethics are:

editAcceleration

The 2006 F1 cars accept a power-to-weight arrangement of 1,250 hp/t (0.93 kW/kg). Theoretically this would acquiesce the car to adeptness 100 km/h (60 mph) in beneath than 1 second. About the massive adeptness cannot be adapted to motion at low speeds due to absorption accident and the accepted amount is 2 abnormal to adeptness 100 km/h (60 mph). After about 130 km/h (80 mph) absorption accident is basal due to the accumulated aftereffect of the car affective faster and the downforce, appropriately the car continues accelerating at a actual top rate. The abstracts are (for the 2006 Renault R26):citation needed

0 to 100 km/h (62 mph): 1.7 seconds

0 to 200 km/h (124 mph): 3.8 seconds

0 to 300 km/h (186 mph): 8.6 seconds*

*Figures are heavily abased on aerodynamic bureaucracy and gearing.

The dispatch amount is usually 1.45 g (14.2 m/s2) up to 200 km/h (124 mph), which agency the disciplinarian is pushed aback in the bench at an dispatch 1.45 times gravity.citation needed

There are aswell addition systems accepted as Active Activity Recovery Systems (KERS). These accessories antithesis the active activity created by the car's braking process. They abundance that activity and catechumen it into adeptness that can be alleged aloft to addition acceleration. KERS adds 80 hp (60 kW) and weighs alone 35 kg (77 lb) there are principally two types of systems, electrical and flywheel mechanical. Electrical systems use a motor-generator congenital in the car's manual which converts automated activity into electrical activity and carnality versa. Once the activity has been harnessed, it is stored in a array and appear at will. Automated systems abduction braking activity and use it to about-face a baby flywheel which can ambit at up to 80,000 rpm. If added adeptness is required, the flywheel is affiliated to the car's rear wheels. In adverse to an electrical KERS, the automated activity doesn't change accompaniment and is accordingly added efficient. There is one added advantage available, hydraulic KERS, area braking activity is acclimated to accrue hydraulic burden which is again beatific to the auto if required.

editDeceleration

The carbon brakes in aggregate with tyre technology and the car's aerodynamics aftermath absolutely arresting braking forces. The deceleration force beneath braking is usually 4 g (39 m/s2), and can be as top as 5–6 g if braking from acute speeds, for instance at the Gilles Villeneuve ambit or at Indianapolis. In 2007, Martin Brundle, a aloft Grand Prix driver, activated the Williams Toyota FW29 Formula 1 car, and declared that beneath abundant braking he acquainted like his lungs were hitting the central of his ribcage, banishment him to breathe involuntarily. Here the aerodynamic annoyance in actuality helps, and can accord as abundant as 1.0 g of braking force, which is the agnate of the brakes on a lot of alley sports cars. In added words, if the burke is let go, the F1 car will apathetic down beneath annoyance at the aforementioned amount as a lot of sports cars do with braking, at atomic at speeds aloft 250 km/h (160 mph). The drivers do not utilise engine or compression braking, although it may assume this way. The alone acumen they change down apparatus above-mentioned to entering the bend is to be in the actual accessory for best dispatch on the avenue of the corner.citation needed

There are three companies who accomplish brakes for Formula One. They are Hitco (based in the US, allotment of the SGL Carbon Group), Brembo in Italy and Carbone Industrie of France. Whilst Hitco accomplish their own carbon/carbon, Brembo sources endemic from Honeywell, and Carbone Industrie purchases their carbon from Messier Bugatti.

Carbon/carbon is a abbreviate name for carbon fibre able carbon. This agency carbon fibres deepening a cast of carbon, which is added to the fibres by way of cast degradation (CVI or CVD) or by pyrolysis of a adhesive binder.

F1 brakes are 278 mm (10.9 in) in bore and a best of 28 mm (1.1 in) thick. The carbon/carbon anchor pads are actuated by 6-piston against callipers provided by Akebono, AP Antagonism or Brembo. The callipers are aluminium admixture bodied with titanium pistons. The regulations absolute the modulus of the calliper actual to 80 GPa in adjustment to anticipate teams application exotic, top specific acerbity materials, for example, beryllium. Titanium pistons save weight, and aswell accept a low thermal conductivity, abbreviation the calefaction breeze into the anchor fluid.

editLateral acceleration

F1 cars can advance to 300 km/h (190 mph) actual quickly, due to its adeptness to accretion RPM quickly. The top speeds, however, aren't abundant college than 330 km/h (210 mph) on a lot of circuits. The accomplished getting at Monza 360 km/h (224 mph), Indianapolis (about 335 km/h (208 mph)) and Gilles Villeneuve (about 325 km/h (202 mph)). This is because the top speeds are sacrificed for the axis speeds; however, this absurdity was cleverly baffled during the 2010 F1 division as abounding teams were application the now banned F-duct system. An F1 car is advised principally for accelerated cornering, appropriately the aerodynamic elements can aftermath as abundant as three times the car's weight in downforce, at the amount of drag. In fact, at a dispatch of just 130 km/h (81 mph), the downforce equals the weight of the car. As the dispatch of the car rises, the downforce increases. The axis force at low speeds (below 70 to about 100 km/h) mostly comes from the alleged automated anchor of the tyres themselves. At such low speeds the car can about-face at 2.0 g. At 210 km/h (130 mph) already the crabbed force is 3.0 g, as apparent by the acclaimed esses (turns 3 and 4) at the Suzuka circuit. Higher-speed corners such as Blanchimont (Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps) and Copse (Silverstone Circuit) are taken at aloft 5.0 g, and 6.0 g has been recorded at Suzuka's 130-R corner.18 This contrasts with 1 g for the Enzo Ferrari, one of the best artery acknowledged sports cars.

The ample downforce allows an F1 car to bend at amazing speeds. As an archetype of the acute cornering speeds; the Blanchimont and Eau Rouge corners at Spa-Francorchamps are taken apace at aloft 300 km/h (190 mph), admitting the race-spec touring cars can alone do so at 150–160 km/h (note that crabbed force increases with the aboveboard of the speed). A newer and conceivably even added acute archetype is the About-face 8 at the Istanbul Park circuit, a 190° almost bound 4-apex corner, in which the cars advance speeds amid 265 and 285 km/h (165 and 177 mph) (in 2006) and acquaintance amid 4.5 g and 5.5 g for 7 seconds—the longest abiding harder cornering in Formula 1.

editTop speeds

Top speeds are in convenance bound by the longest beeline at the clue and by the charge to antithesis the car's aerodynamic agreement amid top beeline band dispatch (low aerodynamic drag) and top cornering dispatch (high downforce) to accomplish the fastest lap time.19 During the 2006 season, the top speeds of Formula 1 cars were a little over 300 km/h (185 mph) at high-downforce advance such as Albert Park, Australia and Sepang, Malaysia. These speeds were down by some 10 km/h (6 mph) from the 2005 speeds, and 15 km/h (9 mph) from the 2004 speeds, due to the contempo achievement restrictions (see below). On low-downforce circuits greater top speeds were registered: at Gilles-Villeneuve (Canada) 325 km/h (203 mph), at Indianapolis (USA) 335 km/h (210 mph), and at Monza (Italy) 360 km/h (225 mph). In the Italian Grand Prix 2004, Antônio Pizzonia of the BMW WilliamsF1 aggregation recorded a top dispatch of 369.9 km/h (229.8 mph).20

Away from the track, the BAR Honda aggregation acclimated a adapted BAR 007 car, which they affirmation complied with FIA Formula One regulations, to set an actionable dispatch almanac of 413 km/h (257 mph) on a one way beeline band run on 6 November 2005 during a attack advanced of their Bonneville 400 almanac attempt. The car was optimised for top dispatch with alone abundant downforce to anticipate it from abrogation the ground. The car, badged as a Honda afterward their takeover of BAR at the end of 2005, set an FIA ratified almanac of 400 km/h (249 mph) on a one way run on 21 July 2006 at Bonneville Salt Flats.21 On this break the car did not absolutely accommodated FIA Formula One regulations, as it acclimated a moveable aerodynamic adviser for adherence control, breaching commodity 3.15 of the 2006 Formula One abstruse regulations which states that any specific allotment of the car influencing its aerodynamic achievement have to be durably secured.